Second, there are a host of Hellenistic and late Classical statues that adorn the smoky and garish casinos of the Palace. The first statue (which was on a fluorescent screen) was the Venus de Milo, the famous marble woman seemingly lacking arms. However, this statue, carved by Praxiteles around 150 BCE, is staunchly Greek. The Roman Empire hadn’t even started yet, and Alexander the Great’s influence was the most dominant and potent force in the known Mediterranean World. Venus was found on the island of Melos by French excavators in the 1800s, and she has a twisting stance and projecting knee (Hellenistic). Also characteristic of the Hellenistic golden age of Pergamon is the tendency to depict the individual, an appeal to emotions, dramatic subjects, and viewer involvement. Therefore, this statue does not belong in Caesar’s Palace shoddy casinos because (1) it is not even Roman, (2) it was made before the birth of Caesar, (3) the twisting pose and nudity is in stark contrast to the stolid Roman busts, and (4) it is disrespectful to place an artistic object of such importance in a low-down place where it is not appreciated. Caesar’s Palace also had a replication of Nike of Samothrace (also Hellenistic)in their front fountain.

Face of the Apoxyomenos

       Continuing my diatribe, there were also several late classical works that adorned the glitzy surface of Caesar’s Palace. First, there was the face of “The Scraper,” or the “Apoxyomenos" in Greek. The sculpture, featuring the coolly indifferent face of the athlete, features arms breaking into the space of the viewer, a heavy forehead, and a shadow of the high classical contrapposto stance. It was tastefully created in 330 BCE by Lysippos, a sculptor who purportedly made a bust of Alexander the Great. The late classical period (coming after the building of the gargantuan Parthenon in Athens) featured taller figures, sensitive expressions, fully nude women (a scandal), smaller heads, and depictions of minor deities (as opposed to images of Zeus, Athena, Poseidon, etc). Sculptures also feature a prominent “s” curve, which differed from the more geometric high classical works. Again, this work is not Roman (it is before the birth of the Roman Empire), is completely nude, and has a whimsical air. This is in stark contrast to conservative Roman busts of Senators and fierce depictions of crueler Emperors (i.e. Caracalla and Caligula).

Aphrodite of Knidos

        In the taxi pick up area, a statue of the Aphrodite of Knidos was coyly presented under a golden recess/niche next to a smaller statue of David. Again, this nude woman is late classical, not Ancient Roman. It would have been more prudent to place a statue of Livia or Faustina under the golden arch. Aphrodite (Venus) was made by Praxiteles around 350 BCE. It depicts a fully nude goddess who just stepped out of the bath. She has a well toned body (evidence of the “male gaze”) and a hand gesture that emphasizes her nudity instead of hiding it. The statue of Aphrodite was so controversial and a true landmark in western art because she was the first nude woman ever depicted in art. A popular legend has it that Aphrodite supposedly said upon seeing her statue, “When did Praxiteles see me naked?”

       To conclude, Caesar’s Palace in the City of Sin is exciting, glamorous, and internationally recognized, but it needs to resurvey its pseudo-historical decorations. The marble decorations (i.e. David, Aphrodite of Knidos, The Scraper) are lovely, but they don’t quite fit the time period that Caesar’s Palace imitates.